Tractor unit - what is its definition?
What is a tractor unit? It is a motor vehicle prepared to move with a semi-trailer for transporting goods. Semi-trailers have no front wheels and support themselves on a so-called fifth wheel, which is located in the rear of the tractor. It is important to note that the fifth wheel is not a rigid connection between the tractor and the trailer. The semi-trailer can turn freely against the tractor - which increases the turning circle and is of considerable importance in tight spaces. Tractor fifth wheels are universal and standardized. This makes it possible to attach to the vehicle any type of semi-trailer produced by different manufacturers. This is advantageous in economic terms - one vehicle can pull many types of semi-trailers prepared to carry a variety of loads. The process of attaching and detaching the trailer is not complicated and can be done successfully by one person without the assistance of another person. This is the most popular form of land transport, especially on international routes.
What types of tractors can we find?
Types of tractors - what basic constructions are currently offered on the market? In terms of design, tractors can be divided into two groups. The first one is ballast tractors designed for multi-axle trailers. This type of vehicle requires more grip on the road, which is why we find ballast at the back. Tractors with ballast are often used for very large transports - especially oversized ones. The second most popular type of tractor unit is the semi-trailer tractor. Their popularity is much greater, and this is due to the much greater turning capacity of the vehicle with a trailer. Unfortunately, this second construction is not suitable for multi-axle trailers, and in this case, it is better to bet on ballast constructions.
What types of tractor units can be found on our roads? In principle, they can be divided by the number of axles, their torsion, and the weight of the vehicle. Models are divided into:
light truck tractors - according to the regulations and data from the Ministry of Infrastructure, these are 2-axle constructions weighing 42 tons and 3-axle constructions weighing 44 tons. Of course, this includes not only the tractor but also the loaded semi-trailer.
Tractor unit with hydraulics - these are newer generation vehicles that have built-in hydraulics. This makes unloading fuel or gas much more efficient. A vehicle with hydraulics is much safer for people working at the unloading.
This type of vehicle is produced by most major automotive brands, which also offer their production of engines. This is the case with MAN in Germany.
Tractor unit with semi-trailer - what are the requirements?
Tractor unit with semi-trailer - what are the requirements for the driver of such a vehicle? Firstly, psychophysical and health requirements. The driver should be a specimen of health and very good distance recognition. If he wears glasses and has the corresponding code on the driver's license, then he must wear them to drive. He will also not do without good perceptiveness and high attention skills. This is a very monotonous job - the driver must be emotionally resilient and respond appropriately to driving conditions. This is a heavy vehicle, so it is also important to be responsible not only for yourself but also for other road users. This is not a job for people with aggression problems.
Tractor unit with semi-trailer - what licenses do you need? The driving license in this case is obvious, but you also need to have the appropriate category. You need to complete a driving course with category C+E. Driving a combination of vehicles with a maximum weight of up to 12 tons is possible after obtaining a driving license with category C1+E. This type of work does not require specific education, but a person with vocational training as a mechanic or electromechanics of motor vehicles is always welcome. It is worth mentioning that every prospective tractor unit driver must undergo an initial qualification course and from time to time should take an additional course to improve their driving skills.
Tractor unit - is it a good solution?
Is a tractor unit without a semi-trailer a good solution? Currently, in road transport, we do not know any better solution for transporting large amounts of cargo. The only alternative is railroad transport, which now also allows semi-trailers to be placed on platforms. The well-developed road network in Europe, as well as modern telematics software, makes it possible to determine optimal routes - this makes road transport by tractor unit even more profitable. There are many interesting designs on the market that not only drive more safely but also provide even more comfort for drivers.The flexibility associated with swapping trailers makes the fleet of the trucking company more mobile, and it can use so-called return transport on the way back. In addition, some companies are developing the idea of low-emission road transport and further attempts are being made to replace oil.